Andrew D. Countryman1,2*, Zachary M. Geisterfer2,3*, R. Christine Cao3, and Amy S. Gladfelter2,3§
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
2Physiology: Modern Cell Biology Using Microscopic, Biochemical and Computational Approaches, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
3Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
§Correspondence to: Amy S. Gladfelter (amy.gladfelter@duke.edu)
* Authors have equal contribution
Abstract
Description
Methods
Reagents
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
Funding
Author Contributions
- Andrew D. Countryman: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
- Zachary M. Geisterfer: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization
- R. Christine Cao: Investigation, Methodology, Visualization
- Amy S. Gladfelter: Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Reviewed By
Anonymous
History
- Received: 5/22/2026
- Revision Received: 9/8/2026
- Accepted: 9/15/2026
- Published Online: 9/20/2026
Copyright
© 2026 by the authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation
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The National Institute of Health -- Grant #: 1U01LM012672-01