{
    "componentChunkName": "component---src-templates-article-page-js",
    "path": "/journals/biology/micropub-biology-002046",
    "result": {"data":{"article":{"manuscript":{"id":"c6cce87d-07f1-4b38-a7b1-1d14bc123f00","submissionTypes":["new finding"],"citations":[],"doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.002046","dbReferenceId":null,"pmcId":null,"pmId":null,"proteopedia":null,"reviewPanel":null,"species":["bacteriophage"],"integrations":[],"corrections":null,"history":{"received":"2026-02-03T01:48:47.290Z","revisionReceived":"2026-05-06T19:58:34.720Z","accepted":"2026-06-11T21:44:55.515Z","published":"2026-06-17T14:46:30.166Z","indexed":"2026-07-01T14:46:30.166Z"},"versions":[{"id":"457001ab-8c0c-4809-baa0-9525f38361af","decision":"revise","abstract":"<p>Nova53 is a novel bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology isolated from soil using <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>NRRL B-16538 as host. Nova53 has a genome of 137,941 base pairs that encodes 250 genes. Based on gene content, Nova53 is assigned to cluster CG that, to date, consists of only two other phages.</p>","acknowledgements":"<p>We recognize Lori Keen for her 40 years of excellence as the Biology Lab Manager at Calvin University, including her support for the phage research course. We thank HHMI SEA-PHAGES for collaborative support.</p>","authors":[{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rec27@calvin.edu","firstName":"Riley E.","lastName":"Cornwell","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"ird4@calvin.edu","firstName":"Isabella R. ","lastName":"DeJonge","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"hl82@calvin.edu","firstName":"Mike H.","lastName":"Liang","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"anp23@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abby N.","lastName":"Puzemis","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"alc47@calvin.edu","firstName":"Alea L.","lastName":"Casipit","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"alc52@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abbie L.","lastName":"Clement","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"sjc45@calvin.edu","firstName":"Seth J.","lastName":"Cooper","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"dbf3@calvin.edu","firstName":"Debora B.","lastName":"Ferreira","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"gjh9@calvin.edu","firstName":"Gabby J.","lastName":"Halliwill","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"jdk62@calvin.edu","firstName":"Jonathan D.","lastName":"Koetje","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"gds22@calvin.edu","firstName":"Garry D.","lastName":"Sprick","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"sjw46@calvin.edu","firstName":"Savannah J.","lastName":"Wallace","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"emw58@calvin.edu","firstName":"Ella M. ","lastName":"Woolworth","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"mdr25@calvin.edu","firstName":"Myles D. ","lastName":"Radersma","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"john.wertz@calvin.edu","firstName":"John T.","lastName":"Wertz","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rdejong@calvin.edu","firstName":"Randall J.","lastName":"DeJong","submittingAuthor":true,"correspondingAuthor":true,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""}],"awards":[],"conflictsOfInterest":"<p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>","dataTable":null,"extendedData":[],"funding":"<p>We thank the Star and Talen families for their generous support of the phage research course at Calvin University.</p>","image":{"url":"https://portal.micropublication.org/uploads/0f2678102cbd3ab280ae3d2df490e83b.jpg"},"imageCaption":"<p>Scale bar equals 200 nm.</p>","imageTitle":"<p>Transmission electron micrograph of bacteriophage Nova53. </p>","methods":"<p></p>","reagents":"<p></p>","patternDescription":"<p>Actinobacteria <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>is a pathogenic bacterium which primarily infects the lungs of livestock and immunocompromised individuals (Weinstock &amp; Brown, 2002). These bacteria have received minimal attention regarding bacteriophage infection and lysis (Bonilla et al., 2017; Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024; Summer et al., 2011). Calvin University students have isolated and annotated several bacteriophages that infect <i>R. equi </i>(Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024).<i> </i>Here we present Nova53, a cluster CG bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology, isolated using <i>R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538.</p><p>Nova53 was isolated from a soil sample taken from Grand Rapids, Michigan (42.930479 N, 85.58862 W) following standard procedures (Zorawik et al., 2024). This sample was first washed in PYCa broth and the wash filtered with a 0.22µm syringe-top filter. The filtrate was incubated with the host bacteria<i> </i>for two days at 30˚C with shaking and was then refiltered and plated in PYCa top agar with<i> R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538. &nbsp;Nova53 formed circular, mostly clear plaques, and after three rounds of plaque purification a high-titer lysate was prepared. Negative stain (1% uranyl acetate) transmission electron microscopy revealed a siphovirus morphology (Figure 1).</p><p>Phage DNA was extracted from the lysate using a Qiagen DNeasy kit, and a DNA library was prepared for sequencing using a NEBNext Ultra II-FS kit. Then 1.6 million 100-base single end reads of the genome were obtained via an Illumina NextSeq 1000 (XLEAP-P1 kit). Raw reads were trimmed with cutadapt 4.7 (using the option: –nextseq-trim 30) and filtered with skewer 0.2.2 (using the options: -q 20 -Q 30 -n -l 50) prior to assembly (Jiang et al., 2014; Martin, 2011). Genome assembly was achieved using Unicycler v0.5.1 and Consed v29 with 1111-fold shotgun coverage (Gordon et al., 1998; Russell, 2018; Wick et al., 2017).</p><p>Analysis and annotation of the Nova53 genome was completed using the following: DNA Master v5.23.6 (Pope &amp; Jacobs-Sera, 2018), Glimmer v3.02 (Kelley et al., 2012), and Genemark v2.5 (Besemer et al., 2001) to first identify open reading frames; Phamerator (Actino_draft database v626) (Cresawn et al., 2011), BLASTp v.2.14.1 (Actinobacteriophage and NCBI non-redundant protein databases) (McGinnis &amp; Madden, 2004), HHPred (PDB, UniProt, Pfam-A v.37, and NCBI v.3.19 databases) (Söding et al., 2005); DeepTMHMM v1.0.24 (Hallgren et al., 2022) to support protein functions; Aragorn (Laslett &amp; Canback, 2004) and tRNAscanSE v2.0 (Lowe &amp; Eddy, 1997) to identify tRNAs; and PECAAN v20221109 (Rinehart et al., 2016) to compile final genomic annotations. Default settings were used for all software.</p><p>The genome of Nova53 is 137,941 base pairs, has 250 identifiable protein-coding genes, and is assigned to the CG cluster of actinobacteriophages (<a href=\"https://phagesdb.org\">https://phagesdb.org</a>) based on gene content similarity (GCS) of at least 35% (Pope et al., 2017). This cluster includes two other phages isolated using <i>R. equi</i>, Francesca and Dorin (Daspit et al., 2025). The three genomes have similar GC content of 48-48.5% and have terminal repeats that are similar in length (4720-5222 bp) but differ in gene content. Francesa and Dorin share 91% GCS with one another, but only 66% GCS with Nova53. Notable differences occur in the last 15 kbp of the genomes, where Nova53 encodes 18 genes for which no homologs exist within the actinobacteriophage database. The Nova53 genome shares most of its 31 tRNAs with Francesca and Dorin in similar order. Nova53 contains many of the expected genes in bacteriophages, including terminase, portal, major capsid protein, lysin A, major tail protein, tape measure protein, and minor tail protein. The genome also includes identifiable genes for head-to-tail adapters and stoppers, tail terminators, lysin B, holin, HNH endonuclease, and tail assembly chaperones, though it lacks identifiable genes for capsid maturation protease, scaffolding proteins, and tail fibers. Neither integrase or immunity repressor functions were discovered in the genome, suggesting a lytic lifestyle.</p><p><b>Data availability. </b>Annotated genome sequence can be accessed for Nova 53 at GenBank accession PV876963. Sequence reads are deposited at NCBI under SRA accession number SRX31207624.</p>","references":[{"reference":"<p>Besemer J. 2001. GeneMarkS: a self-training method for prediction of gene starts in microbial genomes. Implications for finding sequence motifs in regulatory regions. Nucleic Acids Research 29: 2607-2618.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/29.12.2607"},{"reference":"<p>Bonilla JA, Isern S, Findley AM, Klyczek KK, Michael SF, Saha MS, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Genome Sequences of 19 Rhodococcus erythropolis Cluster CA Phages. Genome Announcements 5: 10.1128/genomea.01201-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/genomea.01201-17"},{"reference":"<p>Cresawn SG, Bogel M, Day N, Jacobs-Sera D, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF. 2011. Phamerator: a bioinformatic tool for comparative bacteriophage genomics. BMC Bioinformatics 12: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-395.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-12-395"},{"reference":"<p>Daspit OR, Slagter AC, VanWoerkom D, Addison DE, Arteaga SM, Barnard RE, et al., DeJong RJ. 2025. Complete genome sequences of Rhodococcus equi phages CoffeeBean, Dorin, Francesca, Madraxi, and Tonitrus. MicroPubl Biol 2025: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001491.</p>","pubmedId":"40166408","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Gordon D, Abajian C, Green P. 1998. <i>Consed:</i> A Graphical Tool for Sequence Finishing. Genome Research 8: 195-202.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/gr.8.3.195"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Kelley DR, Liu B, Delcher AL, Pop M, Salzberg SL. 2011. Gene prediction with Glimmer for metagenomic sequences augmented by classification and clustering. Nucleic Acids Research 40: e9-e9.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkr1067"},{"reference":"<p>Laslett D, Canback B. 2004. ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 32(1): 11-6.</p>","pubmedId":"14704338","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Lowe TM, Eddy SR. 1997. tRNAscan-SE: A Program for Improved Detection of Transfer RNA Genes in Genomic Sequence. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 955-964.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/25.5.955"},{"reference":"<p>Martin M. 2011. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal 17: 10.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.14806/ej.17.1.200"},{"reference":"<p>McGinnis S, Madden TL. 2004. BLAST: at the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 32: W20-W25.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkh435"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Jacobs-Sera D. 2017. Annotation of Bacteriophage Genome Sequences Using DNA Master: An Overview. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 217-229.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_16"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Mavrich TN, Garlena RA, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Jacobs-Sera D, Montgomery MT, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Bacteriophages of\n            <i>Gordonia</i>\n            spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships. mBio 8: 10.1128/mbio.01069-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mbio.01069-17"},{"reference":"<p>Radersma MD, Lathrop G, Moleakunnel KC, Harlow LA, Baker AE, Chen AJ, et al., DeJong. 2024. Complete genome sequences of nine\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            phages. Microbiology Resource Announcements 13: 10.1128/mra.01088-23.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mra.01088-23"},{"reference":"<p>Rinehart, C. A., Gaffney, B., Wood, J. D., &amp; Smith, J. (2016). <i>PECAAN, a Phage Evidence Collection And Annotation Network</i> [Computer software]. https://discover.kbrinsgd.org/login</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Russell DA. 2017. Sequencing, Assembling, and Finishing Complete Bacteriophage Genomes. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 109-125.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_9"},{"reference":"<p>Soding J, Biegert A, Lupas AN. 2005. The HHpred interactive server for protein homology detection and structure prediction. Nucleic Acids Research 33: W244-W248.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gki408"},{"reference":"<p>Summer EJ, Liu M, Gill JJ, Grant M, Chan-Cortes TN, Ferguson L, et al., Young. 2011. Genomic and Functional Analyses of\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            Phages ReqiPepy6, ReqiPoco6, ReqiPine5, and ReqiDocB7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 669-683.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01952-10"},{"reference":"<p>Weinstock DM, Brown AE. 2002. <i>Rhodococcus equi:</i>An Emerging Pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 34: 1379-1385.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"doi.org/10.1086/340259"},{"reference":"<p>Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE. 2017. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads. PLOS Computational Biology 13: e1005595.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"reference":"<p>Zorawik M, Jacobs-Sera D, Freise AC, SEA-PHAGES, Reddi K. 2024. Isolation of Bacteriophages on Actinobacteria Hosts. Methods in Molecular Biology,Phage Engineering and Analysis : 273-298.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_17"}],"title":"<p>Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>Phage Nova53</p>","reviews":[{"reviewer":{"displayName":"Eric Miller"},"openAcknowledgement":true,"status":{"submitted":true}},{"reviewer":{"displayName":"Margaret Saha"},"openAcknowledgement":false,"status":{"submitted":true}}],"curatorReviews":[]},{"id":"a1436656-28d7-4810-acfd-fd918a04a1a3","decision":"accept","abstract":"<p>Nova53 is a novel bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology isolated from soil using <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>NRRL B-16538 as host. Nova53 has a genome of 137,941 base pairs that putatively encode 250 proteins and 31 tRNAs. Based on gene content, Nova53 is assigned to cluster CG that, to date, consists of only two other phages.</p>","acknowledgements":"<p>We recognize Lori Keen for her 40 years of excellence as the Biology Lab Manager at Calvin University, including her support for the phage research course. We thank HHMI SEA-PHAGES for collaborative support.</p>","authors":[{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rec27@calvin.edu","firstName":"Riley E.","lastName":"Cornwell","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"ird4@calvin.edu","firstName":"Isabella R. ","lastName":"DeJonge","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"hl82@calvin.edu","firstName":"Mike H.","lastName":"Liang","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"anp23@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abby N.","lastName":"Puzemis","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"alc47@calvin.edu","firstName":"Alea L.","lastName":"Casipit","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"alc52@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abbie L.","lastName":"Clement","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"sjc45@calvin.edu","firstName":"Seth J.","lastName":"Cooper","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"dbf3@calvin.edu","firstName":"Debora B.","lastName":"Ferreira","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"gjh9@calvin.edu","firstName":"Gabby J.","lastName":"Halliwill","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"jdk62@calvin.edu","firstName":"Jonathan D.","lastName":"Koetje","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"gds22@calvin.edu","firstName":"Garry D.","lastName":"Sprick","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"sjw46@calvin.edu","firstName":"Savannah J.","lastName":"Wallace","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"emw58@calvin.edu","firstName":"Ella M. ","lastName":"Woolworth","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"mdr25@calvin.edu","firstName":"Myles D. ","lastName":"Radersma","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"john.wertz@calvin.edu","firstName":"John T.","lastName":"Wertz","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rdejong@calvin.edu","firstName":"Randall J.","lastName":"DeJong","submittingAuthor":true,"correspondingAuthor":true,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""}],"awards":[],"conflictsOfInterest":"<p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>","dataTable":{"url":null},"extendedData":[],"funding":"<p>We thank the Star and Talen families for their generous support of the phage research course at Calvin University.</p>","image":{"url":"https://portal.micropublication.org/uploads/99959a5c13e34fa959ca0b33a2da13d2.jpg"},"imageCaption":"<p>Negative stain (1% uranyl acetate) transmission electron microscopy revealed siphoviridae morphology (a) of Nova53; scale bar in equals 200 nm. In standard plaque assays (b), Nova53 produced tiny (0.5 mm), circular plaques. (c) Alignment of left-end of Nova53 genome with the other two members of Cluster CC, Dorin and Francesca. The genome is represented by the ruler, in kilo base pairs, with boxes above and below the ruler representing forward and reverse transcribed genes, respectively, and gene numbers presented within the box. Putative functions of genes are labeled for Nova53; corresponding genes in the other two genomes can be identified by shared color and position.</p>","imageTitle":"<p>TEM image, plaques, and genome comparison of first 40kb of Nova53</p>","methods":"<p></p>","reagents":"<p></p>","patternDescription":"<p>Actinobacteria <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>is a pathogenic bacterium which primarily infects the lungs of livestock and immunocompromised individuals (Weinstock &amp; Brown, 2002). These bacteria have received minimal attention regarding bacteriophage infection and lysis (Bonilla et al., 2017; Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024; Summer et al., 2011). Calvin University students have isolated and annotated several bacteriophages that infect <i>R. equi </i>(Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024).<i> </i>Here we present Nova53, a cluster CG bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology, isolated using <i>R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538.</p><p>Nova53 was isolated from a soil sample taken from Grand Rapids, Michigan (42.930479 N, 85.58862 W) following standard procedures (Zorawik et al., 2024). The soil sample was washed in PYCa broth and the wash filtered with a 0.22µm syringe-top filter. The filtrate was incubated with the host bacteria<i> </i>for two days at 30˚C with shaking and was then refiltered and plated in PYCa top agar with<i> R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538. &nbsp;Nova53 formed tiny (&lt;0.5 mm) circular, mostly clear plaques (Figure 1b), and after three rounds of plaque purification a high-titer lysate was prepared. Negative stain (1% uranyl acetate) transmission electron microscopy revealed a siphovirus morphology (Figure 1a).</p><p>Phage DNA was extracted from the lysate using a Qiagen DNeasy kit, and a DNA library was prepared for sequencing using a NEBNext Ultra II-FS kit. Then 1.6 million 100-base single end reads of the genome were obtained via an Illumina NextSeq 1000 (XLEAP-P1 kit). Raw reads were trimmed with cutadapt 4.7 (using the option: –nextseq-trim 30) and filtered with skewer 0.2.2 (using the options: -q 20 -Q 30 -n -l 50) prior to assembly (Jiang et al., 2014; Martin, 2011). Genome assembly was achieved using Unicycler v0.5.1 and Consed v29 with 1111-fold shotgun coverage (Gordon et al., 1998; Russell, 2018; Wick et al., 2017).</p><p>Analysis and annotation of the Nova53 genome was completed using the following: DNA Master v5.23.6 (Pope &amp; Jacobs-Sera, 2018), Glimmer v3.02 (Kelley et al., 2012), and Genemark v2.5 (Besemer et al., 2001) to first identify open reading frames; Phamerator (Actino_draft database v626) (Cresawn et al., 2011), BLASTp v.2.14.1 (Actinobacteriophage and NCBI non-redundant protein databases) (McGinnis &amp; Madden, 2004), HHPred (PDB, UniProt, Pfam-A v.37, and NCBI v.3.19 databases) (Söding et al., 2005); DeepTMHMM v1.0.24 (Hallgren et al., 2022) to support protein functions; Aragorn (Laslett &amp; Canback, 2004) and tRNAscanSE v2.0 (Lowe &amp; Eddy, 1997) to identify tRNAs; and PECAAN v20221109 (Rinehart et al., 2016) to compile final genomic annotations. Default settings were used for all software.</p><p>The genome of Nova53 is 137,941 base pairs, has 250 identifiable protein-coding genes, and is assigned to the CG cluster of actinobacteriophages (<a href=\"https://phagesdb.org\">https://phagesdb.org</a>) based on gene content similarity (GCS) of at least 35% (Pope et al., 2017). This cluster includes two other phages isolated using <i>R. equi</i>, Francesca and Dorin (Daspit et al., 2025). The three genomes have similar GC content of 48-48.5% and have terminal repeats that are similar in length (4720-5222 bp) but differ in gene content (Figure 1c). Francesa and Dorin share 91% GCS with one another, but share 66% GCS with Nova53. A high number of Nova53 genes (62) do not have homologs within the current actinobacteriophage database, including a number in the first 15 kbp before the structural genes (Figure 1c). The Nova53 genome shares most of its 31 tRNAs with Francesca and Dorin in similar order. Nova53 contains many of the expected genes in bacteriophages, including terminase, portal, major capsid protein, lysin A, major tail protein, tape measure protein, and minor tail protein. The genome also includes identifiable genes for head-to-tail adapters and stoppers, tail terminators, lysin B, holin, HNH endonuclease, and tail assembly chaperones, though it lacks identifiable genes for capsid maturation protease, scaffolding proteins, and tail fibers. A considerable number of nucleic acid replication and recombination enzymes, including DNA helicase, DNA primase, DnaE-like DNA polymerase III alpha, RecA-like DNA recombinase, Holliday Junction resolvase, and RuvC-like resolvase follow the structural genes and are shared with Dorin and Francesca. Neither integrase or immunity repressor functions were discovered in the genome, suggesting a lytic lifestyle.</p><p><b>Data availability. </b>Annotated genome sequence can be accessed for Nova 53 at GenBank accession PV876963. Sequence reads are deposited at NCBI under SRA accession number SRX31207624.</p>","references":[{"reference":"<p>Besemer J. 2001. GeneMarkS: a self-training method for prediction of gene starts in microbial genomes. Implications for finding sequence motifs in regulatory regions. Nucleic Acids Research 29: 2607-2618.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/29.12.2607"},{"reference":"<p>Bonilla JA, Isern S, Findley AM, Klyczek KK, Michael SF, Saha MS, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Genome Sequences of 19 Rhodococcus erythropolis Cluster CA Phages. Genome Announcements 5: 10.1128/genomea.01201-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/genomea.01201-17"},{"reference":"<p>Cresawn SG, Bogel M, Day N, Jacobs-Sera D, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF. 2011. Phamerator: a bioinformatic tool for comparative bacteriophage genomics. BMC Bioinformatics 12: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-395.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-12-395"},{"reference":"<p>Daspit OR, Slagter AC, VanWoerkom D, Addison DE, Arteaga SM, Barnard RE, et al., DeJong RJ. 2025. Complete genome sequences of Rhodococcus equi phages CoffeeBean, Dorin, Francesca, Madraxi, and Tonitrus. MicroPubl Biol 2025: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001491.</p>","pubmedId":"40166408","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Gordon D, Abajian C, Green P. 1998. <i>Consed:</i> A Graphical Tool for Sequence Finishing. Genome Research 8: 195-202.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/gr.8.3.195"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Kelley DR, Liu B, Delcher AL, Pop M, Salzberg SL. 2011. Gene prediction with Glimmer for metagenomic sequences augmented by classification and clustering. Nucleic Acids Research 40: e9-e9.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkr1067"},{"reference":"<p>Laslett D, Canback B. 2004. ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 32(1): 11-6.</p>","pubmedId":"14704338","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Lowe TM, Eddy SR. 1997. tRNAscan-SE: A Program for Improved Detection of Transfer RNA Genes in Genomic Sequence. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 955-964.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/25.5.955"},{"reference":"<p>Martin M. 2011. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal 17: 10.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.14806/ej.17.1.200"},{"reference":"<p>McGinnis S, Madden TL. 2004. BLAST: at the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 32: W20-W25.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkh435"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Jacobs-Sera D. 2017. Annotation of Bacteriophage Genome Sequences Using DNA Master: An Overview. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 217-229.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_16"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Mavrich TN, Garlena RA, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Jacobs-Sera D, Montgomery MT, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Bacteriophages of\n            <i>Gordonia</i>\n            spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships. mBio 8: 10.1128/mbio.01069-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mbio.01069-17"},{"reference":"<p>Radersma MD, Lathrop G, Moleakunnel KC, Harlow LA, Baker AE, Chen AJ, et al., DeJong. 2024. Complete genome sequences of nine\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            phages. Microbiology Resource Announcements 13: 10.1128/mra.01088-23.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mra.01088-23"},{"reference":"<p>Rinehart, C. A., Gaffney, B., Wood, J. D., &amp; Smith, J. (2016). <i>PECAAN, a Phage Evidence Collection And Annotation Network</i> [Computer software]. https://discover.kbrinsgd.org/login</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Russell DA. 2017. Sequencing, Assembling, and Finishing Complete Bacteriophage Genomes. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 109-125.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_9"},{"reference":"<p>Soding J, Biegert A, Lupas AN. 2005. The HHpred interactive server for protein homology detection and structure prediction. Nucleic Acids Research 33: W244-W248.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gki408"},{"reference":"<p>Summer EJ, Liu M, Gill JJ, Grant M, Chan-Cortes TN, Ferguson L, et al., Young. 2011. Genomic and Functional Analyses of\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            Phages ReqiPepy6, ReqiPoco6, ReqiPine5, and ReqiDocB7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 669-683.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01952-10"},{"reference":"<p>Weinstock DM, Brown AE. 2002. <i>Rhodococcus equi:</i>An Emerging Pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 34: 1379-1385.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"doi.org/10.1086/340259"},{"reference":"<p>Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE. 2017. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads. PLOS Computational Biology 13: e1005595.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"reference":"<p>Zorawik M, Jacobs-Sera D, Freise AC, SEA-PHAGES, Reddi K. 2024. Isolation of Bacteriophages on Actinobacteria Hosts. Methods in Molecular Biology,Phage Engineering and Analysis : 273-298.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_17"}],"title":"<p>Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>Phage Nova53</p>","reviews":[{"reviewer":{"displayName":"Margaret Saha"},"openAcknowledgement":false,"status":{"submitted":true}}],"curatorReviews":[]},{"id":"3a05de86-aa9e-42ef-9077-cbf3b1d171c3","decision":"publish","abstract":"<p>Nova53 is a novel bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology isolated from soil using <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>NRRL B-16538 as host. Nova53 has a genome of 137,941 base pairs that putatively encode 250 proteins and 31 tRNAs. Based on gene content, Nova53 is assigned to cluster CG that, to date, consists of only two other phages.</p>","acknowledgements":"<p>We recognize Lori Keen for her 40 years of excellence as the Biology Lab Manager at Calvin University, including her support for the phage research course. We thank HHMI SEA-PHAGES for collaborative support.</p>","authors":[{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rec27@calvin.edu","firstName":"Riley E.","lastName":"Cornwell","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"ird4@calvin.edu","firstName":"Isabella R. ","lastName":"DeJonge","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"hl82@calvin.edu","firstName":"Mike H.","lastName":"Liang","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"anp23@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abby N.","lastName":"Puzemis","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":true,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"alc47@calvin.edu","firstName":"Alea L.","lastName":"Casipit","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"alc52@calvin.edu","firstName":"Abbie L.","lastName":"Clement","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"sjc45@calvin.edu","firstName":"Seth J.","lastName":"Cooper","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"dbf3@calvin.edu","firstName":"Debora B.","lastName":"Ferreira","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"gjh9@calvin.edu","firstName":"Gabby J.","lastName":"Halliwill","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"jdk62@calvin.edu","firstName":"Jonathan D.","lastName":"Koetje","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"gds22@calvin.edu","firstName":"Garry D.","lastName":"Sprick","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"sjw46@calvin.edu","firstName":"Savannah J.","lastName":"Wallace","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_originalDraft"],"email":"emw58@calvin.edu","firstName":"Ella M. ","lastName":"Woolworth","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"mdr25@calvin.edu","firstName":"Myles D. ","lastName":"Radersma","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation"],"email":"john.wertz@calvin.edu","firstName":"John T.","lastName":"Wertz","submittingAuthor":false,"correspondingAuthor":false,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""},{"affiliations":["Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States"],"departments":["Biology"],"credit":["investigation","writing_reviewEditing"],"email":"rdejong@calvin.edu","firstName":"Randall J.","lastName":"DeJong","submittingAuthor":true,"correspondingAuthor":true,"equalContribution":false,"WBId":null,"orcid":""}],"awards":[],"conflictsOfInterest":"<p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>","dataTable":{"url":null},"extendedData":[],"funding":"<p>We thank the Star and Talen families for their generous support of the phage research course at Calvin University.</p>","image":{"url":"https://portal.micropublication.org/uploads/99959a5c13e34fa959ca0b33a2da13d2.jpg"},"imageCaption":"<p>Negative stain (1% uranyl acetate) transmission electron microscopy revealed siphoviridae morphology (a) of Nova53; scale bar in equals 200 nm. In standard plaque assays (b), Nova53 produced tiny (0.5 mm), circular plaques. (c) Alignment of left-end of Nova53 genome with the other two members of Cluster CG, Dorin and Francesca. The genome is represented by the ruler, in kilo base pairs, with boxes above and below the ruler representing forward and reverse transcribed genes, respectively, and gene numbers presented within the box. Putative functions of genes are labeled for Nova53; corresponding genes in the other two genomes can be identified by shared color and position.</p>","imageTitle":"<p>TEM image, plaques, and genome comparison of first 40kb of Nova53</p>","methods":"<p></p>","reagents":"<p></p>","patternDescription":"<p>Actinobacteria <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>is a bacterium which opportunistically infects the lungs of domestic animals and immunocompromised humans (Weinstock &amp; Brown, 2002). These bacteria have received minimal attention regarding bacteriophage infection and lysis (Bonilla et al., 2017; Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024; Summer et al., 2011). Calvin University students have isolated and annotated several bacteriophages that infect <i>R. equi </i>(Daspit et al., 2025; Radersma et al., 2024).<i> </i>Here we present Nova53, a cluster CG bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology, isolated using <i>R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538.</p><p>Nova53 was isolated from a soil sample taken from Grand Rapids, Michigan (42.930479 N, 85.58862 W) following standard procedures (Zorawik et al., 2024). The soil sample was washed in PYCa broth and the wash filtered with a 0.22µm syringe-top filter. The filtrate was incubated with the host bacteria<i> </i>for two days at 30˚C with shaking and was then refiltered and plated in PYCa top agar with<i> R. equi </i>NRRL B-16538. &nbsp;Nova53 formed tiny (&lt;0.5 mm) circular, mostly clear plaques (Figure 1b), and after three rounds of plaque purification a high-titer lysate was prepared. Negative stain (1% uranyl acetate) transmission electron microscopy revealed a siphovirus morphology (Figure 1a).</p><p>Phage DNA was extracted from the lysate using a Qiagen DNeasy kit, and a DNA library was prepared for sequencing using a NEBNext Ultra II-FS kit. Then 1.6 million 100-base single end reads of the genome were obtained via an Illumina NextSeq 1000 (XLEAP-P1 kit). Raw reads were trimmed with cutadapt 4.7 (using the option: –nextseq-trim 30) and filtered with skewer 0.2.2 (using the options: -q 20 -Q 30 -n -l 50) prior to assembly (Jiang et al., 2014; Martin, 2011). Genome assembly was achieved using Unicycler v0.5.1 and Consed v29 with 1111-fold shotgun coverage (Gordon et al., 1998; Russell, 2018; Wick et al., 2017).</p><p>Analysis and annotation of the Nova53 genome was completed using the following: DNA Master v5.23.6 (Pope &amp; Jacobs-Sera, 2018), Glimmer v3.02 (Kelley et al., 2012), and Genemark v2.5 (Besemer et al., 2001) to first identify open reading frames; Phamerator (Actino_draft database v626) (Cresawn et al., 2011), BLASTp v.2.14.1 (Actinobacteriophage and NCBI non-redundant protein databases) (McGinnis &amp; Madden, 2004), HHPred (PDB, UniProt, Pfam-A v.37, and NCBI v.3.19 databases) (Söding et al., 2005); DeepTMHMM v1.0.24 (Hallgren et al., 2022) to support protein functions; Aragorn (Laslett &amp; Canback, 2004) and tRNAscanSE v2.0 (Lowe &amp; Eddy, 1997) to identify tRNAs; and PECAAN v20221109 (Rinehart et al., 2016) to compile final genomic annotations. Default settings were used for all software.</p><p>The genome of Nova53 is 137,941 base pairs, has 250 identifiable protein-coding genes, and is assigned to the CG cluster of actinobacteriophages (<a href=\"https://phagesdb.org\">https://phagesdb.org</a>) based on gene content similarity (GCS) of at least 35% (Pope et al., 2017). This cluster includes two other phages isolated using <i>R. equi</i>, Francesca and Dorin (Daspit et al., 2025). The three genomes have similar GC content of 48-48.5% and have terminal repeats that are similar in length (4720-5222 bp) but differ in gene content (Figure 1c). Francesa and Dorin share 91% GCS with one another, but share 66% GCS with Nova53. A high number of Nova53 genes (62) do not have homologs within the current actinobacteriophage database, including a number in the first 15 kbp before the structural genes (Figure 1c). The Nova53 genome shares most of its 31 tRNAs with Francesca and Dorin in similar order. Nova53 contains many of the expected genes in bacteriophages, including terminase, portal, major capsid protein, lysin A, major tail protein, tape measure protein, and minor tail protein. The genome also includes identifiable genes for head-to-tail adapters and stoppers, tail terminators, lysin B, holin, HNH endonuclease, and tail assembly chaperones, though it lacks identifiable genes for capsid maturation protease, scaffolding proteins, and tail fibers. A considerable number of nucleic acid replication and recombination enzymes, including DNA helicase, DNA primase, DnaE-like DNA polymerase III alpha, RecA-like DNA recombinase, Holliday Junction resolvase, and RuvC-like resolvase follow the structural genes and are shared with Dorin and Francesca. Neither integrase or immunity repressor functions were discovered in the genome, suggesting a lytic lifestyle.</p><p><b>Data availability. </b>Annotated genome sequence can be accessed for Nova 53 at GenBank accession PV876963. Sequence reads are deposited at NCBI under SRA accession number SRX31207624.</p>","references":[{"reference":"<p>Besemer J. 2001. GeneMarkS: a self-training method for prediction of gene starts in microbial genomes. Implications for finding sequence motifs in regulatory regions. Nucleic Acids Research 29: 2607-2618.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/29.12.2607"},{"reference":"<p>Bonilla JA, Isern S, Findley AM, Klyczek KK, Michael SF, Saha MS, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Genome Sequences of 19 Rhodococcus erythropolis Cluster CA Phages. Genome Announcements 5: 10.1128/genomea.01201-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/genomea.01201-17"},{"reference":"<p>Cresawn SG, Bogel M, Day N, Jacobs-Sera D, Hendrix RW, Hatfull GF. 2011. Phamerator: a bioinformatic tool for comparative bacteriophage genomics. BMC Bioinformatics 12: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-395.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-12-395"},{"reference":"<p>Daspit OR, Slagter AC, VanWoerkom D, Addison DE, Arteaga SM, Barnard RE, et al., DeJong RJ. 2025. Complete genome sequences of Rhodococcus equi phages CoffeeBean, Dorin, Francesca, Madraxi, and Tonitrus. MicroPubl Biol 2025: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001491.</p>","pubmedId":"40166408","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Gordon D, Abajian C, Green P. 1998. <i>Consed:</i> A Graphical Tool for Sequence Finishing. Genome Research 8: 195-202.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/gr.8.3.195"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Hallgren J, Tsirigos KD, Pedersen MD, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Marcatili P, Nielsen H, Krogh A, Winther O. 2022. DeepTMHMM predicts alpha and beta transmembrane proteins using deep neural networks.  : 10.1101/2022.04.08.487609.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.08.487609"},{"reference":"<p>Jiang H, Lei R, Ding SW, Zhu S. 2014. Skewer: a fast and accurate adapter trimmer for next-generation sequencing paired-end reads. BMC Bioinformatics 15: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-182.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1186/1471-2105-15-182"},{"reference":"<p>Kelley DR, Liu B, Delcher AL, Pop M, Salzberg SL. 2011. Gene prediction with Glimmer for metagenomic sequences augmented by classification and clustering. Nucleic Acids Research 40: e9-e9.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkr1067"},{"reference":"<p>Laslett D, Canback B. 2004. ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 32(1): 11-6.</p>","pubmedId":"14704338","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Lowe TM, Eddy SR. 1997. tRNAscan-SE: A Program for Improved Detection of Transfer RNA Genes in Genomic Sequence. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 955-964.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/25.5.955"},{"reference":"<p>Martin M. 2011. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal 17: 10.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.14806/ej.17.1.200"},{"reference":"<p>McGinnis S, Madden TL. 2004. BLAST: at the core of a powerful and diverse set of sequence analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 32: W20-W25.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gkh435"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Jacobs-Sera D. 2017. Annotation of Bacteriophage Genome Sequences Using DNA Master: An Overview. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 217-229.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_16"},{"reference":"<p>Pope WH, Mavrich TN, Garlena RA, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Jacobs-Sera D, Montgomery MT, et al., Hatfull. 2017. Bacteriophages of\n            <i>Gordonia</i>\n            spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships. mBio 8: 10.1128/mbio.01069-17.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mbio.01069-17"},{"reference":"<p>Radersma MD, Lathrop G, Moleakunnel KC, Harlow LA, Baker AE, Chen AJ, et al., DeJong. 2024. Complete genome sequences of nine\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            phages. Microbiology Resource Announcements 13: 10.1128/mra.01088-23.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/mra.01088-23"},{"reference":"<p>Rinehart, C. A., Gaffney, B., Wood, J. D., &amp; Smith, J. (2016). <i>PECAAN, a Phage Evidence Collection And Annotation Network</i> [Computer software]. https://discover.kbrinsgd.org/login</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":""},{"reference":"<p>Russell DA. 2017. Sequencing, Assembling, and Finishing Complete Bacteriophage Genomes. Methods in Molecular Biology,Bacteriophages : 109-125.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7343-9_9"},{"reference":"<p>Soding J, Biegert A, Lupas AN. 2005. The HHpred interactive server for protein homology detection and structure prediction. Nucleic Acids Research 33: W244-W248.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1093/nar/gki408"},{"reference":"<p>Summer EJ, Liu M, Gill JJ, Grant M, Chan-Cortes TN, Ferguson L, et al., Young. 2011. Genomic and Functional Analyses of\n            <i>Rhodococcus equi</i>\n            Phages ReqiPepy6, ReqiPoco6, ReqiPine5, and ReqiDocB7. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 669-683.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01952-10"},{"reference":"<p>Weinstock DM, Brown AE. 2002. <i>Rhodococcus equi:</i>An Emerging Pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 34: 1379-1385.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"doi.org/10.1086/340259"},{"reference":"<p>Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE. 2017. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads. PLOS Computational Biology 13: e1005595.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"reference":"<p>Zorawik M, Jacobs-Sera D, Freise AC, SEA-PHAGES, Reddi K. 2024. Isolation of Bacteriophages on Actinobacteria Hosts. Methods in Molecular Biology,Phage Engineering and Analysis : 273-298.</p>","pubmedId":"","doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_17"}],"title":"<p>Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Rhodococcus equi </i>Phage Nova53</p>","reviews":[],"curatorReviews":[]}]}},"species":{"species":[{"value":"acer saccharum","label":"Acer saccharum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"TreeGenes","modLink":"https://treegenesdb.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"achillea millefolium","label":"Achillea millefolium","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"acinetobacter baylyi","label":"Acinetobacter baylyi","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"actinobacteria bacterium","label":"Actinobacteria bacterium","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"adelges tsugae","label":"Adelges tsugae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"adenocaulon chilense","label":"Adenocaulon chilense","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"aedes japonicus","label":"Aedes japonicus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"aegorhinus vitulus","label":"Aegorhinus vitulus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"alaimidae","label":"Alaimidae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"allobates femoralis","label":"Allobates femoralis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"alnus glutinosa","label":"Alnus glutinosa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"alosa aestivalis","label":"Alosa aestivalis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"alosa pseudoharengus","label":"Alosa pseudoharengus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"alternaria alternata","label":"Alternaria alternata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"amynthas agrestis","label":"Amynthas Agrestis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ancylostoma caninum","label":"Ancylostoma caninum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ancylostoma ceylanicum","label":"Ancylostoma ceylanicum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anemone multifida","label":"Anemone multifida","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anguilla rostrata","label":"Anguilla rostrata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anisakis simplex","label":"Anisakis simplex","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anomala albopilosa","label":"Anomala albopilosa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anthomyiidae sp","label":"Anthomyiidae sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"anthomyiidae sp","label":"Anthomyiidae sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"arabidopsis","label":"Arabidopsis","imageSrc":"arabidopsis.png","imageAlt":"Arabidopsis graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"TAIR","modLink":"https://arabidopsis.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"architeuthis dux","label":"Architeuthis dux","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"arion vulgaris","label":"Arion vulgaris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"armeria","label":"Armeria","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"artemia","label":"Artemia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"arthrobacter sp.","label":"Arthrobacter sp.","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ascaridia","label":"Ascaridia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ascaridia galli","label":"Ascaridia galli","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"asparagopsis taxiformis","label":"Asparagopsis taxiformis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"astatotilapia burtoni","label":"Astatotilapia burtoni","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"avena sativa","label":"Avena sativa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"aves","label":"Aves","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus","label":"Bacillus (firmicutes)","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus cereus","label":"Bacillus cereus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus mycoides","label":"Bacillus mycoides","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus subtilis","label":"Bacillus subtilis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus thuringiensis","label":"Bacillus thuringiensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus toyonensis","label":"Bacillus toyonensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacillus wiedmannii","label":"Bacillus wiedmannii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacteria","label":"Bacteria","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bacteriophage","label":"Bacteriophage","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bactrocera","label":"Bactrocera sp.","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"batrachospermum gelatinosum","label":"Batrachospermum gelatinosum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"betula lenta","label":"Betula lenta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"betula nigra","label":"Betula nigra","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bombus dahlbohmii","label":"Bombus dahlbohmii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bombus terrestris","label":"Bombus terrestris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bombyx mori","label":"Bombyx mori","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bos taurus","label":"Bos Taurus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"brachygobius doriae","label":"Brachygobius doriae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"brassica oleracea","label":"Brassica oleracea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"brassica rapa","label":"Brassica rapa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"brugia malayi","label":"Brugia malayi","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"burkholderia thailandensis","label":"Burkholderia thailandensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"buttiauxella","label":"Buttiauxella","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis brenneri","label":"Caenorhabditis brenneri","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis briggsae","label":"Caenorhabditis briggsae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"c. elegans","label":"Caenorhabditis elegans","imageSrc":"c-elegans.jpg","imageAlt":"C. elegans graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"https://wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis inopinata","label":"Caenorhabditis inopinata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis japonica","label":"Caenorhabditis japonica","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis nigoni","label":"Caenorhabditis nigoni","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis remanei","label":"Caenorhabditis remanei","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caenorhabditis tropicalis","label":"Caenorhabditis tropicalis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"calidifontibacillus","label":"Calidifontibacillus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"calidifontibacillus erzuremensis","label":"Calidifontibacillus erzuremensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"calliphora sp","label":"Calliphora sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caltha sagittata","label":"Caltha sagittata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cambarus latimanus","label":"Cambarus latimanus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"candida albicans","label":"Candida albicans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"canis familiaris","label":"Canis familiaris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cannabis sativa","label":"Cannabis sativa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caretta caretta","label":"Caretta caretta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cassiopea xamachana","label":"Cassiopea xamachana","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"caulobacter vibrioides","label":"Caulobacter vibrioides","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cephalopods","label":"Cephalopoda","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cerastium arvense","label":"Cerastium arvense","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ceriodaphnia","label":"Ceriodaphnia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ceroglossus suturalis","label":"Ceroglossus suturalis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chaetoceros","label":"Chaetoceros","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chamaecrista fasciculata","label":"Chamaecrista fasciculata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chilicola chalcidiformis","label":"Chilicola chalcidiformis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chitinimonas","label":"Chitinimonas","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chlamydomonas reinhardtii","label":"Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chromobacterium","label":"Chromobacterium","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chrysemys picta","label":"Chrysemys picta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"chrysoperla rufilabris","label":"Chrysoperla rufilabris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"citrus","label":"Citrus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"clavibacter sp.","label":"Clavibacter sp.","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"colinus virginianus","label":"Colinus virginianus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"crassostrea virginica","label":"Crassostrea virginica","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"crithidia fasciculata","label":"Crithidia fasciculata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cutibacterium acnes","label":"Cutibacterium acnes","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"cyanobacteria","label":"Cyanobacteria","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"daphnia","label":"Daphnia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"daphnia pulex","label":"Daphnia pulex","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"diabrotica virgifera","label":"Diabrotica virgifera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 1","label":"Diabrotica virgifera virgifera virus 1","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"d. discoideum","label":"Dictyostelium discoideum","imageSrc":"dicty.png","imageAlt":"D. discoideum","mod":"dictyBase","modLink":"http://dictybase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"diptera","label":"Diptera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"dotocryptus bellicosus","label":"Dotocryptus bellicosus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"drechmeria coniospora","label":"Drechmeria coniospora","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"drosophila","label":"Drosophila","imageSrc":"drosophila.png","imageAlt":"Drosophila graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"FlyBase","modLink":"https://flybase.org/doi/","linkVariable":"doi"},{"value":"dryopteris campyloptera","label":"Dryopteris campyloptera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"dryopteris expansa","label":"Dryopteris expansa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"dryopteris intermedia","label":"Dryopteris intermedia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"dugesia dorotocephala","label":"Dugesia dorotocephala","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"elasmobranchii","label":"Elasmobranchii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"embryophyta","label":"Embryophyta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"enoploteuthis chunii","label":"Enoploteuthis chunii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"enterobacter aerogenes","label":"Enterobacter aerogenes","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"enterococcus raffinosus","label":"Enterococcus raffinosus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"epichloë coenophiala","label":"Epichloë coenophiala","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"equus caballus","label":"Equus caballus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"erigeron sp","label":"Erigeron sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"eristalis","label":"Eristalis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"eruca vesicaria","label":"Eruca vesicaria","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"erwinia carotovora","label":"Erwinia carotovora","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"erythronium americanum","label":"Erythronium americanum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"escherichia coli","label":"Escherichia coli","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"eukaryota","label":"Eukaryotes","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"felis catus","label":"Felis catus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"francisella novicida","label":"Francisella novicida","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"francisella tularensis","label":"Francisella tularensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"fraxinus americana","label":"Fraxinus americana","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"fucus distichus","label":"Fucus distichus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"fungi","label":"Fungi","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"gasteropelecus sp.","label":"Gasteropelecus sp.","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"geranium sp","label":"Geranium sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"girardia","label":"Girardia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"glaucomys volans","label":"Glaucomys volans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"glycine max","label":"Glycine max","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Soybase","modLink":"https://soybase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"glyptemys insculpta","label":"Glyptemys insculpta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"gossypium hirsutum","label":"Gossypium hirsutum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"CottonGen","modLink":"https://www.cottongen.org/","linkVariable":""},{"value":"gromphadorhina portentosa","label":"Gromphadorhina portentosa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"gryllodes sigillatus","label":"Gryllodes sigillatus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"haliotis rufescens","label":"Haliotis rufescens","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hepacivirus hominis","label":"Hepatitis C Virus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"herpes simplex virus type 1","label":"Herpes simplex virus type 1","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"human","label":"Human","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"human coronavirus oc43","label":"Human coronavirus OC43","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hydra vulgaris","label":"Hydra vulgaris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hydropsyche sp","label":"Hydropsyche sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hymenoptera","label":"Hymenoptera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Hymenoptera Genome Database","modLink":"https://hymenoptera.elsiklab.missouri.edu/","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hypochaeris radicata","label":"Hypochaeris radicata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"hypodynerus vespiformis","label":"Hypodynerus vespiformis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"iflaviridae","label":"Iflaviridae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"iflavuris","label":"Iflavirus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ipomoea hederacea","label":"Ipomoea hederacea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ischnomera","label":"Ischnomera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ischnomera ruficollis","label":"Ischnomera ruficollis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"julidochromis marlieri","label":"Julidochromis marlieri","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"juniperus virginiana","label":"Juniperus virginiana","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"kluyveromyces marxianus","label":"Kluyveromyces marxianus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"l. casei","label":"L. casei","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lacticaseibacillus casei","label":"Lacticaseibacillus casei","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"larentiinae sp","label":"Larentiinae sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"laurus nobilis","label":"Laurus nobilis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lepidoptera","label":"Lepidoptera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"leucanthemum vulgare","label":"Leucanthemum vulgare","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"linepithema humile","label":"Linepithema humile","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"liometopum occidentale","label":"Liometopum occidentale","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lolium arundinaceum","label":"Lolium arundinaceum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lumbriculus variegatus","label":"Lumbriculus variegatus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lumbricus terrestris","label":"Lumbricus terrestris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lupinus polyphyllus","label":"Lupinus polyphyllus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lycorma delicatula","label":"Lycorma delicatula","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"lynx rufus","label":"Lynx rufus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"magnaporthe oryzae","label":"Magnaporthe oryzae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"mammalia","label":"Mammalia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"manihot esculenta","label":"Manihot esculenta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"medicago lupulina","label":"Medicago lupulina","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"meloidogyne","label":"Meloidogyne","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"mimus polyglottos","label":"Mimus polyglottos","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"bryophyta","label":"Mosses","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"mouse","label":"Mouse","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"MGI","modLink":"https://informatics.jax.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"m. minutoides","label":"Mus minutoides","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"mycobacterium smegmatis","label":"Mycobacterium smegmatis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"nakaseomyces glabratus","label":"Nakaseomyces glabratus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"nauphoeta cinerea","label":"Nauphoeta cinerea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"neurospora","label":"Neurospora","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"n. benthamiana","label":"Nicotiana benthamiana","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Solgenomics Network","modLink":"https://solgenomics.net/organism/Nicotiana_benthamiana/genome","linkVariable":""},{"value":"nicotiana tabacum","label":"Nicotiana tabacum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"noctuidae","label":"Noctuidae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"noctuidae sp","label":"Noctuidae sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"nothobranchius furzeri","label":"Nothobranchius furzeri","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"onchocerca volvulus","label":"Onchocerca volvulus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"orconectes virilis","label":"Orconectes virilis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ormia ochracea","label":"Ormia ochracea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"o. sativa","label":"Oryza sativa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Gramene","modLink":"https://www.gramene.org/","linkVariable":""},{"value":"other","label":"Other","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":null,"modLink":null,"linkVariable":null},{"value":"oxalis enneaphylla","label":"Oxalis enneaphylla","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans","label":"Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans","label":"Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pantoea","label":"Pantoea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pantoea agglomerans","label":"Pantoea agglomerans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"papaver sp","label":"Papaver sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"paramecium bursaria","label":"Paramecium bursaria","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"partitiviridae","label":"Partitiviridae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pelodiscus sinensis","label":"Pelodiscus sinensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"perezia recurvata","label":"Perezia recurvata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"petromyzon marinus","label":"Petromyzon marinus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"photinus pyralis","label":"Photinus pyralis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"photinus pyralis associated partiti-like virus","label":"Photinus pyralis associated partiti-like virus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"photinus pyralis iflavirus 1","label":"Photinus pyralis iflavirus 1","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"physcomitrium patens","label":"Physcomitrium patens","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pinus strobus","label":"Pinus strobus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pinus taeda","label":"Pinus taeda","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"platycheirus","label":"Platycheirus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"plectus sambesii","label":"Plectus sambesii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pogonomyrmex occidentalis","label":"Pogonomyrmex occidentalis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"poncirus trifoliata","label":"Poncirus trifoliata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"populus deltoides","label":"Populus deltoides","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"potato virus y","label":"Potato virus Y","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"primula magellanica","label":"Primula magellanica","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pristionchus pacificus","label":"Pristionchus pacificus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"prunus persica","label":"Prunus persica","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Genome Database for Rosaceae","modLink":"https://www.rosaceae.org/","linkVariable":""},{"value":"psalmopoeus iriminia","label":"Psalmopoeus iriminia","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudanabaena sp.","label":"Pseudanabaena sp.","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudomonas","label":"Pseudomonas","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudomonas aeruginosa","label":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudomonas glycinae","label":"Pseudomonas glycinae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudomonas putida","label":"Pseudomonas putida","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pseudomonas syringae","label":"Pseudomonas syringae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"pterophyllum scalare","label":"Pterophyllum scalare","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"python regius","label":"Python regius","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"quercus macrocarpa","label":"Quercus macrocarpa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ralstonia solanacearum","label":"Ralstonia solanacearum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ranitomeya imitator","label":"Ranitomeya imitator","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ranunculus peduncularis","label":"Ranunculus peduncularis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"rat","label":"Rat","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"RGD","modLink":"https://rgd.mcw.edu","linkVariable":""},{"value":"rheinheimera","label":"Rheinheimera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ribes rubrum","label":"Ribes rubrum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"sars-cov-2","label":"SARS-CoV-2","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"s. cerevisiae","label":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","imageSrc":"yeast.png","imageAlt":"Yeast graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"SGD","modLink":"https://yeastgenome.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"saccharomyces paradoxus","label":"Saccharomyces paradoxus ","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"s. uvarum","label":"Saccharomyces uvarum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"schistosoma","label":"Schistosoma","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"schizosaccharomyces japonicus","label":"Schizosaccharomyces japonicus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"s. pombe","label":"Schizosaccharomyces pombe","imageSrc":"pombe.png","imageAlt":"Pombe graphic by Zoe Zorn © Caltech","mod":"PomBase","modLink":"https://www.pombase.org/reference/PMID:","linkVariable":"pmId"},{"value":"schmidtea mediterranea","label":"Schmidtea mediterranea","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"senecio sp","label":"Senecio sp","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"simocephalus","label":"Simocephalus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"siraitia grosvenorii","label":"Siraitia grosvenorii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"solanum lycopersicum","label":"Solanum lycopersicum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Solgenomics Network","modLink":"https://solgenomics.net/organism/1/view/","linkVariable":""},{"value":"sorghum","label":"Sorghum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"SorghumBase","modLink":"https://www.sorghumbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"spiroplasma eriocheiris","label":"Spiroplasma eriocheiris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"staphylococcus aureus","label":"Staphylococcus aureus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"staphylococcus epidermidis","label":"Staphylococcus epidermidis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"steinernema carpocapsae","label":"Steinernema carpocapsae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"https://wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"steinernema hermaphroditum","label":"Steinernema hermaphroditum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"stenotrophomonas geniculata","label":"Stenotrophomonas geniculata","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"streptococcus gordonii ","label":"Streptococcus gordonii ","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"streptococcus mutans","label":"Streptococcus mutans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":" streptococcus pneumoniae","label":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"s. purpuratus","label":"Strongylocentrotus purpuratus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"Echinobase","modLink":"https://www.echinobase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"strongyloides ratti","label":"Strongyloides ratti","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"sulfolobus","label":"Sulfolobus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"symphoricarpos albus","label":"Symphoricarpos albus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"syncirsodes","label":"Syncirsodes","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"synechococcus elongatus","label":"Synechococcus elongatus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"syrphidae","label":"Syrphidae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tarantobelus jeffdanielsi","label":"Tarantobelus jeffdanielsi","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"taraxacum officinale","label":"Taraxacum officinale","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tatochila theodice","label":"Tatochila theodice","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tetrahymena","label":"Tetrahymena","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tetramorium immigrans","label":"Tetramorium immigrans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tomato brown rugose fruit virus","label":"ToBRFV","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"trachemys scripta","label":"Trachemys scripta","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tribolium castaneum","label":"Tribolium castaneum","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"trichoptera","label":"Trichoptera","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"trichuris muris","label":"Trichuris muris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"WormBase","modLink":"www.wormbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"trifolium repens","label":"Trifolium repens","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"trypoxylus dichotomus","label":"Trypoxylus dichotomus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"tsuga canadensis","label":"Tsuga canadensis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"ulva expansa","label":"Ulva expansa","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"universal","label":"Universal","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":null,"modLink":null,"linkVariable":null},{"value":"vargula hilgendorfii","label":"Vargula hilgendorfii","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"vespula vulgaris","label":"Vespula vulgaris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"virus","label":"Virus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"watasenia scintillans","label":"Watasenia scintillans","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"wolbachia pipientis","label":"Wolbachia pipientis","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"xenopus","label":"Xenopus","imageSrc":"xenopus.png","imageAlt":"Xenopus graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"XenBase","modLink":"https://xenbase.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"xenorhabdus griffiniae","label":"Xenorhabdus griffiniae","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"yramea cytheris","label":"Yramea cytheris","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"zaprionus indianus","label":"Zaprionus indianus","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"","modLink":"","linkVariable":""},{"value":"zea mays","label":"Zea mays","imageSrc":"","imageAlt":"","mod":"MaizeGDB","modLink":"https://www.maizegdb.org","linkVariable":""},{"value":"zebrafish","label":"Zebrafish","imageSrc":"zebrafish.png","imageAlt":"Zebrafish graphic by Zoe Zorn CC BY 4.0","mod":"ZFIN","modLink":"https://zfin.org","linkVariable":""}]}},"pageContext":{"id":"c6cce87d-07f1-4b38-a7b1-1d14bc123f00","citedBy":[],"parsedCsv":{"csvHeader":[],"csvData":[]}}},
    "staticQueryHashes": ["2114697108"]}